Bundling
A bundle is a group of wallets that buy in the same block the coin is created, or right after it, often run by the same person as the dev. It hides how much of the supply one party really holds, and those wallets can sell into the first real buyers.
How Papertrail catches it: we read the creation block and the next slot and show the launch-block share: how much of the supply those wallets bought, and what they still hold, sold or moved on. Relay hand-offs are followed. Wallets that look separate are linked by their funding: funded_together (first funded within seconds of each other) and shared_root (different funders with one source two hops back).
Generated and pre-aged wallets
Brand-new wallets with no history are easy to spot, so some launches use wallets that look like long-time users. Services such as Proxima sell generated wallets and pre-aged wallets: wallets created ahead of time, so they already have an age when they're used.
How Papertrail catches it: we trace each launch wallet's funding 1–2 hops back. aged_reactivated marks old wallets that sat idle for a long time and became active right before launch. exchange_cohort marks fresh wallets first funded by the same busy wallet (an exchange or platform). funded_together and shared_root catch wallets funded at the same moment or from one source further back.
Wash trading
Wash trading is buying and selling to yourself so a coin looks busy. Volume charts and trending lists count it as demand, but no new money comes in.
How Papertrail catches it: wash scoring reads the coin's trade history and counts round trips, wallets that buy and flip within minutes, and volume from wallets with the same funder, as a share of all volume. It needs enough swaps to judge. A live re-check pulls the current volume and re-scores wash trading, stored beside the original check.
